(Turkish_MFA_dictionary_v2_0_0)=
# Turkish MFA dictionary v2.0.0

``````{dictionary} Turkish MFA dictionary v2.0.0
:id: "Turkish MFA dictionary v2_0_0"
:tags: Turkish;MFA;IPA
:language: "Turkish"
:dialect: N/A
:layout: mfa
:template: dictionary_template
:phoneset: "MFA"
:license: "CC BY 4.0"

   ```{include} ../../../../dictionary/turkish/mfa/v2.0.0/README.md
    :start-after: "## Dictionary details"
    :end-before: "## Installation"
   ```


   ```{admonition} G2P models
   * {ref}`turkish_mfa_g2p_model_v2_0_0`
   ```


   ```{admonition} Acoustic models
   * {ref}`turkish_mfa_acoustic_model_v2_0_0`
   ```

``````

```{include} ../../../../dictionary/turkish/mfa/v2.0.0/README.md
:start-after: "new)."
```

## IPA Charts

### Consonants

Obstruent symbols to the left of {fas}`circle;ipa-dot` are unvoiced and those to the right are voiced.

``````{list-table}
:header-rows: 1
:stub-columns: 1
:class: consonant_chart table-striped table-bordered

* - Manner
  - Labial
  - Labiodental
  - Dental
  - Alveolar
  - Alveopalatal
  - Palatal
  - Velar
  - Glottal
* - {manner}`Nasal`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * m
        * Occurrences: 17544
        * Examples
          * derim: [d̪ e ɾ i m]
          * demir: [d̪ e m i ɾ]
          * ölmüş: [ø ʎ m y ʃ]
          * aklım: [a k ɫ ɯ m]
      * mː
        * Occurrences: 51
        * Examples
          * hımm: [h ɯ mː]
          * amman: [a mː a n̪]
          * emme: [e mː ɛ]
          * emmiş: [e mː i ʃ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * n̪
        * Occurrences: 26972
        * Examples
          * konan: [k o n̪ a n̪]
          * ajans: [a ʒ a n̪ s̪]
          * nişan: [n̪ i ʃ a n̪]
          * seven: [s̪ e v e n̪]
      * n̪ː
        * Occurrences: 76
        * Examples
          * annem: [a n̪ː e m]
          * ninni: [n̪ i n̪ː ɪ]
          * annen: [a n̪ː e n̪]
          * anne: [a n̪ː ɛ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * ɲ
        * Occurrences: 189
        * Examples
          * engin: [ɛ ɲ ɟ i n̪]
          * günkü: [ɟ y ɲ c ʏ]
          * denge: [d̪ ɛ ɲ ɟ ɛ]
          * dünkü: [d̪ y ɲ c ʏ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * ŋ
        * Occurrences: 205
        * Examples
          * yonga: [j o ŋ ɡ a]
          * ongun: [o ŋ ɡ u n̪]
          * yankı: [j a ŋ k ɨ]
          * tank: [t̪ a ŋ k]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - {manner}`Stop`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * p
        * Occurrences: 3311
        * Examples
          * bbp: [b e b e p ɛ]
          * dikip: [d̪ i c i p]
          * piç: [p i tʃ]
          * pelin: [p e ʎ i n̪]
      * pː
        * Occurrences: 5
        * Examples
          * zappa: [z̪ a pː a]
          * züppe: [z̪ y pː ɛ]
          * kappa: [k a pː a]
    * voiced
      * b
        * Occurrences: 6146
        * Examples
          * ibrik: [i b ɾ i k]
          * bilgi: [b i ʎ ɟ ɪ]
          * abdli: [a b d̪ ʎ ɪ]
          * berat: [b e ɾ a t̪]
      * bː
        * Occurrences: 22
        * Examples
          * kubbe: [k u bː ɛ]
          * abbas: [a bː a s̪]
          * tıbbi: [t̪ ɯ bː ɪ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * t̪
        * Occurrences: 13331
        * Examples
          * berat: [b e ɾ a t̪]
          * vatan: [v a t̪ a n̪]
          * tuzla: [t̪ u z̪ ɫ a]
          * tirit: [t̪ i ɾ i t̪]
      * t̪ː
        * Occurrences: 629
        * Examples
          * attı: [a t̪ː ɨ]
          * ettin: [e t̪ː i n̪]
          * örttü: [ø ɾ t̪ː ʏ]
          * çattı: [tʃ a t̪ː ɨ]
    * voiced
      * d̪
        * Occurrences: 16587
        * Examples
          * derim: [d̪ e ɾ i m]
          * demir: [d̪ e m i ɾ]
          * dik: [d̪ i c]
          * abdli: [a b d̪ ʎ ɪ]
      * d̪ː
        * Occurrences: 139
        * Examples
          * abdde: [a b d̪ː ɛ]
          * redde: [ɾ e d̪ː ɛ]
          * maddi: [m a d̪ː ɪ]
          * addır: [a d̪ː ɯ ɾ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * c
        * Occurrences: 5935
        * Examples
          * dik: [d̪ i c]
          * ürkek: [y ɾ c e c]
          * şevk: [ʃ e v c]
          * çörek: [tʃ ø ɾ e c]
      * cː
        * Occurrences: 24
        * Examples
          * sikke: [s̪ i cː ɛ]
          * ökkeş: [ø cː e ʃ]
          * takke: [t̪ a cː ɛ]
    * voiced
      * ɟ
        * Occurrences: 3319
        * Examples
          * bilgi: [b i ʎ ɟ ɪ]
          * girip: [ɟ i ɾ i p]
          * güneş: [ɟ y n̪ e ʃ]
          * güya: [ɟ y j a]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * k
        * Occurrences: 11219
        * Examples
          * ibrik: [i b ɾ i k]
          * konan: [k o n̪ a n̪]
          * aklım: [a k ɫ ɯ m]
          * uçak: [u tʃ a k]
      * kː
        * Occurrences: 84
        * Examples
          * dakka: [d̪ a kː a]
          * akka: [a kː a]
          * hakkı: [h a kː ɨ]
          * okka: [o kː a]
    * voiced
      * ɡ
        * Occurrences: 678
        * Examples
          * yonga: [j o ŋ ɡ a]
          * gamlı: [ɡ a m ɫ ɨ]
          * saygı: [s̪ a j ɡ ɨ]
          * algı: [a ɫ ɡ ɨ]
      * ɡː
        * Occurrences: 2
        * Examples
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - {manner}`Affricate`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * tʃ
        * Occurrences: 3644
        * Examples
          * uçak: [u tʃ a k]
          * çaba: [tʃ a b a]
          * kulaç: [k u ɫ a tʃ]
          * çörek: [tʃ ø ɾ e c]
      * tʃː
        * Occurrences: 1
        * Examples
    * voiced
      * dʒ
        * Occurrences: 4336
        * Examples
          * cihan: [dʒ i h a n̪]
          * ceviz: [dʒ e v i z̪]
          * cnn: [dʒ e n̪ e n̪ ɛ]
          * clan: [dʒ ɫ a n̪]
      * dʒː
        * Occurrences: 7
        * Examples
          * hacca: [h a dʒː a]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - {manner}`Sibilant`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * s̪
        * Occurrences: 12071
        * Examples
          * sığar: [s̪ ɯ a ɾ]
          * asma: [a s̪ m a]
          * ajans: [a ʒ a n̪ s̪]
          * seven: [s̪ e v e n̪]
      * s̪ː
        * Occurrences: 115
        * Examples
          * üssü: [y s̪ː e s̪ e ʏ]
          * hissi: [ç i s̪ː ɪ]
          * üsse: [y s̪ː ɛ]
          * ıssız: [ɯ s̪ː ɯ z̪]
    * voiced
      * z̪
        * Occurrences: 6418
        * Examples
          * arz: [a ɾ z̪]
          * tuzla: [t̪ u z̪ ɫ a]
          * hızlı: [h ɯ z̪ ɫ ɨ]
          * ceviz: [dʒ e v i z̪]
      * z̪ː
        * Occurrences: 14
        * Examples
          * gazze: [ɡ a z̪ː ɛ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * ʃ
        * Occurrences: 6959
        * Examples
          * ölmüş: [ø ʎ m y ʃ]
          * nişan: [n̪ i ʃ a n̪]
          * şevk: [ʃ e v c]
          * işlek: [i ʃ ʎ e k]
      * ʃː
        * Occurrences: 4
        * Examples
          * eşşek: [e ʃː e c]
    * voiced
      * ʒ
        * Occurrences: 251
        * Examples
          * ajans: [a ʒ a n̪ s̪]
          * tiraj: [t̪ i ɾ a ʒ]
          * lajiç: [ɫ a ʒ i tʃ]
          * jokiç: [ʒ o k tʃ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - {manner}`Fricative`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * f
        * Occurrences: 1789
        * Examples
          * arefe: [a ɾ e f ɛ]
          * kefil: [c e f i ʎ]
          * zarf: [z̪ a ɾ f]
          * phen: [f e n̪]
      * fː
        * Occurrences: 25
        * Examples
          * affet: [a fː e t̪]
          * duffy: [d̪ u fː i]
          * öff: [ø fː]
          * iffet: [i fː e t̪]
    * voiced
      * v
        * Occurrences: 2841
        * Examples
          * seven: [s̪ e v e n̪]
          * vatan: [v a t̪ a n̪]
          * avni: [a v n̪ ɪ]
          * şevk: [ʃ e v c]
      * vː
        * Occurrences: 44
        * Examples
          * evvel: [e vː e ʎ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * ç
        * Occurrences: 692
        * Examples
          * yohei: [j o ç e ɪ]
          * şüphe: [ʃ y p ç ɛ]
          * chp: [dʒ e ç e p ɛ]
          * hekim: [ç e c i m]
      * çː
        * Occurrences: 7
        * Examples
          * sıhhi: [s̪ ɯ çː ɪ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * h
        * Occurrences: 2646
        * Examples
          * havlu: [h a v ɫ ʊ]
          * cihan: [dʒ i h a n̪]
          * hızlı: [h ɯ z̪ ɫ ɨ]
          * sulh: [s̪ u ɫ h]
      * hː
        * Occurrences: 13
        * Examples
          * ahhh: [a hː]
          * ahha: [a hː a]
          * ahh: [a hː]
          * ohhü: [o hː ʏ]
    ```
* - {manner}`Approximant`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * j
        * Occurrences: 14809
        * Examples
          * yonga: [j o ŋ ɡ a]
          * eyi: [e j ɪ]
          * ebeyi: [e b e j ɪ]
          * sayan: [s̪ a j a n̪]
      * jː
        * Occurrences: 29
        * Examples
          * ayyaş: [a jː a ʃ]
          * ayyar: [a jː a ɾ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * ɰ
        * Occurrences: 2020
        * Examples
          * sığar: [s̪ ɯ ɰ a ɾ]
          * sağıp: [s̪ a ɰ ɯ p]
          * aşağı: [a ʃ a ɰ ɨ]
          * dağı: [d̪ a ɰ ɨ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - {manner}`Tap`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * ɾ
        * Occurrences: 27092
        * Examples
          * sığar: [s̪ ɯ a ɾ]
          * ibrik: [i b ɾ i k]
          * derim: [d̪ e ɾ i m]
          * demir: [d̪ e m i ɾ]
      * ɾː
        * Occurrences: 50
        * Examples
          * harry: [h a ɾː i]
          * sırrı: [s̪ ɯ ɾː ɨ]
          * şerre: [ʃ e ɾː ɛ]
          * şerri: [ʃ e ɾː ɪ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - {manner}`Lateral`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * ɫ
        * Occurrences: 14836
        * Examples
          * aklım: [a k ɫ ɯ m]
          * muğla: [m uː ɫ a]
          * tuzla: [t̪ u z̪ ɫ a]
          * kulaç: [k u ɫ a tʃ]
      * ɫː
        * Occurrences: 379
        * Examples
          * kolla: [k o ɫː a]
          * all: [a ɫː]
          * pullu: [p u ɫː ʊ]
          * çullu: [tʃ u ɫː ʊ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * ʎ
        * Occurrences: 10255
        * Examples
          * ölmüş: [ø ʎ m y ʃ]
          * bilgi: [b i ʎ ɟ ɪ]
          * abdli: [a b d̪ ʎ ɪ]
          * pelin: [p e ʎ i n̪]
      * ʎː
        * Occurrences: 436
        * Examples
          * kelle: [c e ʎː ɛ]
          * belli: [b e ʎː ɪ]
          * milli: [m i ʎː ɪ]
          * bill: [b i ʎː]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
``````


### Vowels

Vowel symbols to the left of {fas}`circle;ipa-dot` are unrounded and those to the right are rounded.

``````{list-table}
:header-rows: 1
:stub-columns: 1
:class: vowel_chart table-striped table-bordered

* -
  - Front
  - Near-Front
  - Central
  - Near-Back
  - Back
* - Close
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * i
        * Occurrences: 23514
        * Examples
          * ibrik: [i b ɾ i k]
          * derim: [d̪ e ɾ i m]
          * demir: [d̪ e m i ɾ]
          * dik: [d̪ i c]
      * iː
        * Occurrences: 24
        * Examples
          * iğne: [iː n̪ ɛ]
          * iğnem: [iː n̪ e m]
          * çiğli: [tʃ iː ʎ ɪ]
          * çiğne: [tʃ iː n̪ ɛ]
    * rounded
      * y
        * Occurrences: 6140
        * Examples
          * ölmüş: [ø ʎ m y ʃ]
          * ürkek: [y ɾ c e c]
          * kütle: [c y t̪ ʎ ɛ]
          * tüh: [t̪ y h]
      * yː
        * Occurrences: 4
        * Examples
          * düğme: [d̪ yː m ɛ]
          * büğrü: [b yː ɾ ʏ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * ɨ
        * Occurrences: 5424
        * Examples
          * attı: [a t̪ː ɨ]
          * hızlı: [h ɯ z̪ ɫ ɨ]
          * aşağı: [a ʃ a ɨ]
          * kızı: [k ɯ z̪ ɨ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * ɯ
        * Occurrences: 20253
        * Examples
          * sığar: [s̪ ɯ a ɾ]
          * aklım: [a k ɫ ɯ m]
          * hızlı: [h ɯ z̪ ɫ ɨ]
          * aldık: [a ɫ d̪ ɯ k]
      * ɯː
        * Occurrences: 17
        * Examples
          * atığ: [a t̪ ɯː]
          * çığ: [tʃ ɯː]
    * rounded
      * u
        * Occurrences: 11488
        * Examples
          * uçak: [u tʃ a k]
          * tuzla: [t̪ u z̪ ɫ a]
          * kulaç: [k u ɫ a tʃ]
          * sulh: [s̪ u ɫ h]
      * uː
        * Occurrences: 85
        * Examples
          * muğla: [m uː ɫ a]
          * uğur: [uː ɾ]
          * tuğra: [t̪ uː ɾ a]
          * uğru: [uː ɾ ʊ]
    ```
* -
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * ɪ
        * Occurrences: 4896
        * Examples
          * bilgi: [b i ʎ ɟ ɪ]
          * abdli: [a b d̪ ʎ ɪ]
          * derdi: [d̪ ɛ ɾ d̪ ɪ]
          * eyi: [e j ɪ]
      * ɪː
        * Occurrences: 1
        * Examples
          * çiğ: [tʃ ɪː]
    * rounded
      * ʏ
        * Occurrences: 499
        * Examples
          * gözü: [ɟ ø z̪ ʏ]
          * sürgü: [s̪ y ɾ ɟ ʏ]
          * üssü: [y s̪ː e s̪ e ʏ]
          * türkü: [t̪ y ɾ c ʏ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * rounded
      * ʊ
        * Occurrences: 1502
        * Examples
          * havlu: [h a v ɫ ʊ]
          * bursu: [b u ɾ s̪ ʊ]
          * tuzlu: [t̪ u z̪ ɫ ʊ]
          * kumlu: [k u m ɫ ʊ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - Close-Mid
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * e
        * Occurrences: 25525
        * Examples
          * derim: [d̪ e ɾ i m]
          * demir: [d̪ e m i ɾ]
          * arefe: [a ɾ e f ɛ]
          * berat: [b e ɾ a t̪]
      * eː
        * Occurrences: 69
        * Examples
          * değme: [d̪ eː m ɛ]
          * değdi: [d̪ eː d̪ ɪ]
          * eğri: [eː ɾ ɪ]
          * eğdi: [eː d̪ ɪ]
    * rounded
      * ø
        * Occurrences: 2718
        * Examples
          * ölmüş: [ø ʎ m y ʃ]
          * çörek: [tʃ ø ɾ e c]
          * öib: [ø b]
          * öveç: [ø v e tʃ]
      * øː
        * Occurrences: 113
        * Examples
          * öğle: [øː ʎ ɛ]
          * öğlen: [øː ʎ e n̪]
          * öğren: [øː ɾ e n̪]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * rounded
      * o
        * Occurrences: 8817
        * Examples
          * yonga: [j o ŋ ɡ a]
          * konan: [k o n̪ a n̪]
          * yohei: [j o ç e ɪ]
          * koy: [k o j]
      * oː
        * Occurrences: 153
        * Examples
          * oğlak: [oː ɫ a k]
          * oğlan: [oː ɫ a n̪]
          * doğru: [d̪ oː ɾ ʊ]
          * doğsa: [d̪ oː s̪ a]
    ```
* -
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - Open-Mid
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * ɛ
        * Occurrences: 6815
        * Examples
          * arefe: [a ɾ e f ɛ]
          * derdi: [d̪ ɛ ɾ d̪ ɪ]
          * bbp: [b e b e p ɛ]
          * bende: [b e n̪ d̪ ɛ]
    * rounded
      * œ
        * Occurrences: 4
        * Examples
          * dtö: [d̪ e t̪ e œ]
          * fetö: [f e t̪ œ]
          * fkö: [f e c e œ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* -
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - Open
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * a
        * Occurrences: 47475
        * Examples
          * sığar: [s̪ ɯ a ɾ]
          * yonga: [j o ŋ ɡ a]
          * attı: [a t̪ː ɨ]
          * konan: [k o n̪ a n̪]
      * aː
        * Occurrences: 407
        * Examples
          * dağda: [d̪ aː d̪ a]
          * bağla: [b aː ɫ a]
          * ağla: [aː ɫ a]
          * yağlı: [j aː ɫ ɨ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
``````